Chemical Reagents

Recent Advances in Light-Induced CeCl₃-Catalyzed C—C Bond Construction

Visible light-induced cerium(Ⅲ) chloride(CeCl₃) catalysis has emerged as a green synthetic strategy,attracting significant attention in carbon-carbon bond formation due to its mild reaction conditions,high atom economy,and environmental friendliness.Unlike typical metal-to-ligand charge transfer(MLCT)-type catalysts,CeCl₃ undergoes ligand-to-metal charge transfer(LMCT),in which electrons are transferred from a ligand's π orbital to the metal's d orbital,or from the metal-ligand σ orbital to the metal' s d orbital. This LMCT process plays a crucial role in redox photoreactions: ligand-derived radical species such as chlorine radicals(Cl·) exhibit extremely high reactivity and can activate C—H bonds through hydrogen atom transfer(HAT),expanding the scope of photocatalysis transformation in organic synthesis. The unique LMCT properties of the Ce element arises from its 4f electron configuration([Xe]4f~15d~16s²).The 4f orbital is located in the inner shell and shielded by the outer 5s and 5p orbitals,giving the 4f electron high localization. This configuration facilitates facile Ce³⁺/Ce⁴⁺redox cycling,providing an ideal pathway for LMCT processes.Leveraging its excellent photoreactivity and unique ligand-to-metal charge transfer properties,CeCl₃ offers a novel approach to activating inert chemical bonds.This review summarized recent advances in visible-light-driven CeCl₃-catalyzed carbon-carbon bond construction,focusing on three representative reaction types: Direct C—H functionalization,dehydroxylative transformations of alcohols,and decarboxylative coupling of carboxylic acids. In C—H functionalization,CeCl₃ activates inert C—H bonds via LMCT processes,eliminating the need for pre-functionalization.In dehydroxylative transformations,photocatalytic β-scission of alkoxy radicals generates corresponding alkyl radicals. In decarboxylative coupling,visible-lightinduced CeCl₃-catalyzed decarboxylation,followed by subsequent coupling. These reaction systems exhibit broad substrate scope and excellent functional group compatibility,providing new strategies for the synthesis of complex organic molecules. As an inexpensive and abundant rare-earth catalyst,CeCl₃ demonstrates promising potential in photocatalytic organic synthesis.Its unique LMCT activation mechanism offers valuable insights for developing green and efficient synthetic methodologies,with significant applications in pharmaceutical synthesis and materials science.

Research Progress on Natural Active Small Molecules in the Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer

Pancreatic cancer is characterized by an insidious onset,rapid progression,early metastasis,and pronounced chemoresistance,resulting in an extremely poor prognosis. Current therapeutic strategies,mainly based on gemcitabine,provide limited clinical benefit,highlighting the urgent need for novel treatment approaches. Natural product-derived bioactive small molecules,with their structural diversity and multi-target properties,have attracted increasing attention in pancreatic cancer research. In this review,recent studies were systematically retrieved and summarized. According to chemical structure and biological origin,natural bioactive small molecules are classified into alkaloids,flavonoids,terpenoids,saponins,as well as compounds derived from microorganisms and marine organisms. Their pharmacological activities and underlying mechanisms against pancreatic cancer in vitro and in vivo are comprehensively discussed. Accumulating evidence indicates that these compounds exert anti-pancreatic cancer effects through multiple pathways:(1) inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis by blocking the PI3K/AKT,MAPK,NF-κB,and related signaling pathways;(2) suppressing migration and invasion by regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT) and FAK/ERK signaling;(3) reversing chemoresistance and attenuating cancer stemness by downregulating stem cell-associated markers such as CD44 and ALDH1,thereby enhancing sensitivity to gemcitabine;and(4) inhibiting angiogenesis and modulating the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore,structural modification and nanodelivery systems have been shown to significantly improve the in vivo efficacy and bioavailability of certain compounds. Overall,natural bioactive small molecules exhibit great potential as multi-pathway therapeutic agents against pancreatic cancer. Future studies integrating multiomics,network pharmacology,and advanced delivery technologies are warranted to identify key targets and promote clinical translation.

Recent Advances in Organocatalytic Asymmetric Aldol Reactions

Asymmetric catalysis has become a highly impactful strategy in organic synthesis,providing efficient and versatile tools for the construction of complex chiral molecules. According to catalyst origin and characteristics,asymmetric catalysis can be categorized into three major categories: Enzymatic catalysis,transition-metal catalysis,and small-molecule organocatalysis.Among them,organocatalysts based on small organic molecules have attracted substantial attention due to their low molecular weight,high structural tunability,excellent stability,and environmentally friendly nature. They were particularly powerful for enabling the efficient formation of challenging chiral C—C bonds under mild conditions,thereby playing a key role in sustainable synthesis.The asymmetric Aldol reaction,a classical transformation for the synthesis of β-hydroxy carbonyl compounds,has become a powerful platform for the preparation of natural products,pharmaceuticals,and functional materials. In this review,we summarized recent advances(primarily from 2022 to the present) in small-molecule organocatalytic asymmetric Aldol reactions,organized by catalyst structural classes.Emphasis was placed on amino acids and their derivatives,thiourea-based hydrogen-bonding organocatalysts,and other small organic catalysts including macrocycles,porous organic cages,covalent organic frameworks,and nanostructured systems.Representative studies were discussed with respect to catalyst design concepts,reaction efficiency and stereocontrol(yields,enantioselectivity,and diastereoselectivity),green reaction media,and catalyst recyclability. Challenges and future perspectives were also highlighted,aiming to offer insights and guidance for continued progress in organocatalytic asymmetric Aldol chemistry.

Recent Progress on the Synthesis and Function of Macrocyclic Compounds Based on Anthracene

Supramolecular chemistry,as an emerging and interdisciplinary field of great interest,has always advanced in tandem with the synthesis and application of novel macrocycles. Anthracene-incorporated macrocyclic compounds,which combine the excellent photophysical properties of anthracene with tunable macrocyclic cavities,have become a frontier in supramolecular chemistry and materials science. Through sophisticated molecular design,researchers have developed diverse synthetic strategies and explored their broad applications in molecular recognition,stimuli-responsive materials,optoelectronic devices,and complex assemblies. Anthracene,a classic aromatic hydrocarbon,possesses a large,rigid,hydrophobic plane and a strong electron-rich conjugated system.These features endow it with a high fluorescence quantum yield,a nanosecond-scale fluorescence lifetime,wellresolved absorption spectra,and good chemical stability,making it highly promising for applications in organic synthesis,pharmaceutical analysis,and cellular imaging. Introducing anthracene units into macrocyclic frameworks effectively merges the host-guest chemistry of macrocycles with the functional characteristics of anthracene,leading to the creation of novel functional materials with unique optical,electronic,and recognition properties.This review summarized the synthetic methods developed over the past decade for anthracene-based macrocycles and recent advances in molecular recognition and supramolecular catalysis.By treating anthracene as a fundamental building block,we delved into its irreplaceable role in macrocyclic architectures,emphasizing its unique contribution to dynamic macrocyclic chemistry and the key function of its rigid plane in stabilizing specific host-guest complexes,thereby providing valuable insights for the future synthesis and application of such macrocyclic compounds.

Preparation and Electrochemical Properties of Graphene/Si/SiO_x Nanocomposites

A new strategy for preparing graphene/Si/SiO_x(G/Si/SiO_x) nanocomposites is explored. A graphene oxide(GO)suspension was prepared using an improved Hummers method; an HSQ/GO precursor was prepared via an in situ sol-gel method,with triethoxysilane as the silicon source reacting with GO under acidic conditions,and was subsequently thermally reduced in an H₂/Ar mixed gas environment.The research team conducted a detailed analysis of the synthesis mechanism,crystal structure,and electrochemical properties of this nanocomposite material. The prepared composite material had a unique nanoscale structure,which not only effectively addresses the volume expansion problem of Si nanoparticles during charge-discharge cycles,but also provided fast electron transmission path.Cyclic voltammetry tests showed that the oxidation-reduction peak spacing and polarization degree of the G/Si/SiO_x-2 electrode were smaller,and the peak shape was more stable during the cycling process,demonstrating good electrochemical reversibility. When this composite material was used as the negative electrode material for lithium-ion batteries,it exhibited high initial reversible capacity,excellent rate performance,and long-term cycling stability,all of which reflect its outstanding lithium storage capacity. A G/Si/SiO_x nanocomposite material with synergistically optimized structure and performance was successfully prepared.Its core advantage lies in the synergistic effect of its component.Graphene,as a conductive skeleton and volume buffer layer,not only provides a continuous electron transfer channel,but also effectively alleviates the volume expansion of Si during charge-discharge processes.This study not only provides a solid theoretical and experimental foundation for the application of graphene reinforced nanometal materials in the field of energy storage,but also opens up new research avenues and perspectives for the development of a next-generation of high-performance lithium-ion battery negative electrode materials.

Application of Rhizoma Polypodiodis Nipponicae Polysaccharide–Lipoic Acid–Chitosan Composite Hydrogel for Wound Repair

This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant activity of crude polysaccharides from the traditional Chinese medicine Rhizoma polypodiodis nipponicae and to evaluate the wound-healing efficacy of the Rhizoma polypodiodis nipponicae polysaccharide (RPNP)-lipoic acid (LA)-chitosan (CS) composite hydrogel in a full-thickness dorsal skin wound model in mice. RPNP was extracted via water extraction and ethanol precipitation， followed by deproteinization using the Sevag method. In vitro antioxidant capacity of RPNP was assessed using DPPH， ABTS⁺， and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays. CS served as a scaffold for the composite hydrogel， with LA grafted onto CS via an amide reaction. The RPNP-LA-CS composite hydrogel was prepared by incorporating RPNP， followed by self-assembly of disulfide bonds in LA under 365?nm UV irradiation. The biocompatibility of the composite hydrogel was assessed using a hemolysis assay， and its antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) was evaluated. A full-thickness dorsal skin wound model in mice was established to examine the wound-healing efficacy of the composite hydrogel， and histological changes were examined using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Results demonstrated that RPNP exhibited significant scavenging activity against DPPH， ABTS?， and hydroxyl radicals， with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC??) of (1.97 ± 0.22)， (1.86 ± 0.27)， and (5.48 ± 0.48) mg/mL， respectively. The RPNP -LA-CS composite hydrogel showed excellent biocompatibility in hemolysis assays and remarkable antibacterial activity against both S. aureus and P. aeruginosa， achieving inhibition ratios exceeding 98% for both strains. In the mouse wound model， the composite hydrogel significantly promoted wound healing. Histological analysis using H&E staining revealed that skin tissues in the RPNP-LA-CS group were well-repaired， maintaining an intact structure and exhibiting superior tissue regeneration compared with the control groups. These results provide new insights into the antioxidant activity of RPNP and underscore its potential applications in trauma repair and regenerative medicine.

Multiple Reaction Monitoring for Detecting Pesticide Residues in Vegetables and Fruits From Xining City A method for pretreating and detecting pesticide residues in vegetables and fruits acquired from Xining City was established by leveraging matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) combined with gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The applicability， practicality， and reliability of this combined technique were evaluated， with the ultimate objective of enhancing the quality and safety supervision of agricultural products. Common vegetable and fruit samples (including leafy， root， stem， and berry types) were collected from major farmers’ markets and supermarkets across the five districts and two counties of Xining. After MSPD treatment， the extracts were analyzed using GC-MS/MS in the MRM mode to determine the levels of 13 pesticide residues. The detection range was 0～5 mg/kg. The proposed method demonstrated good linearity， with correlation coefficients between 0.9983 and 0.9996. The limits of detection ranged from 0.003 to 0.05 μg/kg， and the limits of quantification ranged from 0.009 to 0.15 μg/kg. At spiked concentrations of 50 and 100 μg/L， the recovery rates were 82.88%～96.74% and 84.95%～97.72%. The corresponding precision values， expressed as relative standard deviations， were 1.30%～4.72% and 3.05%～6.92%. The MSPD technique simplifies sample preparation， reduces organic solvent consumption， and lowers environmental impact and cost. The GC-MS/MS method in the MRM mode offers high specificity， eliminates matrix interference， and improves sensitivity and accuracy. Overall， this combined approach demonstrates significant advantages for large-scale screening of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables in Xining. It offers enhanced detection efficiency and reliable results， providing strong technical support for ensuring the quality and safety supervision of local agricultural products.

Investigation of the Pollution Status of 30 Pesticide Residues in Fruits and Vegetables Sold in Wuhu City from 2023 to 2025

This study analyzed the levels of 30 pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables sold in Wuhu City over the past three years and assessed the health risks associated with pesticide intake through the consumption of these foods. A total of 111 samples of fruits and vegetables sold in Wuhu City from 2023 to 2025 were collected. The detection method refers to the 2023， 2024， and 2025 National Food Contaminants and Harmful Factors Risk Monitoring Work Manual. The levels of 30 pesticides， including clothianidin， were analyzed in the samples， and the Health Quotient (HQ) and Hazard Index (HI) methods were employed to assess dietary exposure risks and evaluate the risks to human health due to dietary intake. Among the 111 fruit and vegetable samples， 74 contained pesticide residues， with a detection rate of 66.7% (74/111). Specifically， 41 samples from 2023 had a pesticide detection rate of 70.7% (29/41); 30 samples from 2024 had a pesticide detection rate of 70.0% (21/30); and 40 samples from 2025 had a pesticide detection rate of 60.0% (24/40). Among the samples monitored over the past three years， seven exceeded the allowable limits， representing an over-limit rate of 6.31% (7/111). In terms of pesticide residues in the eight major categories of vegetables and five major categories of fruits， the top three categories in terms of detection rate were fresh beans (100%)， citrus fruits (100%)， and leafy vegetables (88.9%); the top three categories in terms of over-limit rate were root vegetables (33.3%)， fresh beans (25.0%)， and bulbous and brassica vegetables (20.0%). In addition， some samples contained multiple pesticide residues. Among the 111 fruit and vegetable samples， 50 contained two or more types of pesticide residues， with a multiresidue rate of 45.0% (50/111). When calculated based on the maximum exposure concentration and average exposure concentration in vegetables， the HQ ranged from 0 to 2.59 and from 0 to 0.0378 (with an HI of 0.090)， respectively. When the HQ in fruits was calculated based on the maximum exposure concentration and average exposure concentration， the range was 0–0.138 and 0–0.0073 (with an HI of 0.013)， respectively. Overall， the pollution levels of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables sold in Wuhu City from 2023 to 2025 were relatively low. The detection rate showed a downward trend over the three year period， but a few samples indicated health risks.

Design， Synthesis， and Antifungal Activity of Novel Triazole Amide Derivatives

Triazoles are currently the most widely used drugs for treating invasive fungal infections in clinical practice. However， drug resistance is becoming increasingly serious， posing challenges for the treatment of fungal infections. To discover antifungal agents with novel structures and excellent broad-spectrum antifungal activity， a series of new triazole amide derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their antifungal activity. Four novel triazole amide derivatives were designed and synthesized by utilizing (2S)-2-(4-isobutylphenyl)propanoic acid， (2S)-2-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)propanoic acid， (S)-1-Boc-2-methylpiperazine， and 1-Boc-piperazine as starting materials. The structures of the triazole amide derivatives were characterized by ¹HNMR， ¹³CNMR and MS. Subsequently， their inhibitory effects on Candida albicans， Aspergillus， Cryptococcus neoformans， and azole-resistant Candida were assessed through in vitro assays. The triazole amide derivatives demonstrated excellent antifungal and anti-drug-resistant fungal activities. Among them， (2S)-1-[ (3S)-4-[ (2R， 3R) -3-(2，4-difluorophenyl) -3-hydroxy-4- (1，2，4-triazapentadien-1-yl)but-2-yl ]-3-methylpiperazine-1-yl ]-2-[4-(2-methylpropyl)phenyl]propan-1-one (3e) was the most potent antifungal agent with MIC₈₀ values of 0.25， 2.0， and 2.0 μg/mL against Candida albicans， Cryptococcus neoformans， and Aspergillus fumigatus， respectively， which are the three most common and critical priority pathogenic fungi. Compound 3e also exhibited potent activity against fluconazole-resistant Candida. Molecular docking was used to simulate the binding mode of 3e with Candida albicans CYP51 and to analyze the potential amino acid residues involved in the formation of interactions between each compound and the target enzyme. These compounds have strong in vitro antifungal activity and are worthy of further exploration and research.

Optimization of Sample Dissolution and Accuracy Verification for Multi-Element Determination in Cast Aluminum Alloy by ICP-AES

To address the need for accurate full-element analysis of cast aluminum alloys， including low-silicon (Si<0.50%) and high-silicon (4.0%～10.0% Si) systems， this study focused on overcoming sample dissolution challenges in high-silicon alloys and minimizing multi-element interference during detection. An efficient and reliable ICP-AES method was developed through systematic optimization of sample pretreatment procedures， instrumental parameters， and interference control strategies. Experimental optimization established the following protocols: for low-silicon cast aluminum alloys， 0.10 g of sample was dissolved in 15 mL of 6 mol/L hydrochloric acid at 70 ℃; for high-silicon cast aluminum alloys， 0.05 g of sample was completely dissolved using a mixed acid system consisting of 5 mL of volume fraction 50% nitric acid and 1 mL of hydrofluoric acid. This approach effectively prevented silicon loss and avoided colloidal film formation. Matrix effects from the aluminum base were compensated using matrix-matched calibration， while spectral and chemical interferences were minimized through optimized analytical line selection and acidity control. The calibration curves for 14 target elements (Si， Fe， Cu， Mn， Ti， Zr， Ni， Sb， Co， Mg， Pb， Sn， Zn， and Be) demonstrated excellent linearity (R≥0.995)， with limits of detection ranging from 0.001 to 0.012 mg/L. Accuracy validation showed strong agreement between measured and certified values for both low- and high-silicon reference materials; the relative standard deviations ranged from 0.42% to 3.26% and 0.19% to 4.87%， respectively. The proposed method simplifies sample pretreatment， overcomes key technical challenges in simultaneous full-element determination of high-silicon cast aluminum alloys， and achieves s balance between analytical accuracy and practical applicability. It provides robust technical support for quality control and compositional traceability of cast aluminum alloys.

Synthesis and application of ionic liquid

The materials which is liquid state at a temperature near the room temperature are named molten salts or ionic liquids.Over one hundred ionic liquids have been prepared.The methods of their synthesis can be classfied into two categories:metathesis and acid base neutralization.They can be applied to separation technology,electrochemistry and chemical synthesis,particularly catalytic reaction.

The evolution and advances of solid-phase microextraction

Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is a sampling technique based on sorption of analytes onto a polymeric material coated on a silica fiber.SPME is a popular sample preparation method,which integrates extraction,concentration,desorption and injection into one step for sample preparation.SPME,which is based on solid-phase extraction (SPE),eliminates the disadvantages of using packed materials and solvents to dissolve analytes and retains all advantages of SPE.The stationary phases of SPME are polymers (such as polydimethylsiloxane) or adsorbents (such as carbon),which are coated on silica fiber or capillary column.The SPME can extract and concentrate the sample by adsorbing (or absorbing) the analytes onto stationary phases,then deliver the fiber of SPME to the inlet port of gas chromatograph for analysis.This method is suitable for sample preparation in a variety of technical areas.This paper discusses briefly the evolution and recent advances in solid-phase microextraction techniques.

Catalytic synthesis of substituted tetraphenylporphyrins

Twelve kinds of substituted tetraphenylporphyrins (TXPPH₂)were synthesized by the direct condensation of pyrrole with substituted benzaldehyde by refluxing in DMF in the presence of AlCl₃.Compared with other methods in the literature,this method has the advantages of wider applicabilities,higher yields and better purity.

Research on synthesis of new Schiff base reagent(HPMαFP)_2EN and its application in reversed-phasepaper chromatography

In this paper a new Schiff base reagent N,N'-bis[(1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-oxo-4-pyra o a-furyl-furylmethylidyne ] ethylenediimine [(HPMaFP)2EN ] hasbeen synthesized. its structure has been confirmed byelemental analysis,IR,NMR and MS. Some propertieswere determined. Its behavior in separating rare earthions has been studied by reversed-phase paper chromatography with (HPMaFP)2EN as stationary phase,acidified NawSO4 solutions as eluents. It has beenshown that this reagent can be applied to the separation of multicomponent rare earth mixtures in the PHrange of 0. 2-1. 2.

Study on the synthesis of room temperature ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate

The key intermediate, l-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide, was synthesized efficiently from 1-methylimidazole and l-bromobutane.The influence of temperature and reaction heat of itself on this reaction was also investigated. After anion exchanging, room temperature ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate was obtained in 92% yield.The structure of final product was confirmed by IR and 1HNMR spectral data.

Highly Sensitive Detection of Penicillin G in Milk by Fluorescence Probe Based on Silicon Nanoparticle

The silicon nanoparticle(DFC)that emits blue fluorescence at 450 nm was synthesized by using the reagents of N-[3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ethylenediamine and fluorescein sodium salt.The structural characterization and spectral performance analysis of DFC were carried out by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),transmission electron microscope(TEM),Zeta potential and ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum.Based on the performance DFC can be quenched by Cr³⁺ ion, a fluorescent probe of Cr³⁺@DFC for the detection of penicillin G(PG) was prepared.The fluorescence of the Cr³⁺@DFC probe was recovered in the presence of PG.There was a good linear relationship between fluorescence recovery efficiency and PG concentration in the range of 0.1～1.0 μg/mL.The detection limit is 0.023 μg/mL,and the linear equation was y=71.26x+0.478,R²=0.99.The method is easy to operate and has high sensitivity to detect PG in milk samples, which offers a promising application prospect.

The application of 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide(DCC) used as condensation agent in organic synthesis

1,3-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) is widely used in the reaction for synthesis of esters and amides as a condensation agent.The synthesis and condensation reactions using DCC as the dehydration agent can take place in the mild conditions with good product yield.In this paper,DCC used as a dehydrating agent in the study on preparation of esters,amides,and phosphorylaminopropyl compounds is reviewed.

Advance in research of room temperature ionic liquids

The ionic liquids(ILs) thanks to their low melting point,high conductivity and negligible vapor pressure have been attracting great attention of the academic and industrial circles.In recent years,the ILs have widely been applied in many fields.The recent application development of ionic liquids in these fields is summarized in this paper,such as their application in chemical reactions,separation process and manufacture of new materials.The perspectives in this research field are also discussed.

Application and Progress of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Technology

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) has the advantages of fast scanning speed, high resolution and high sensitivity, and it is widely used in research fields such as mechanism research, performance characterization, and composition detection.According to different detection requirements, researchers have also made corresponding adjustments and optimizations when using FTIR.The principle of FTIR was briefly introduced, the application status of FTIR technology in various research fields in recent years was focused on.It pointed out that the combination with other analysis techniques, the establishment of mathematical models and standardization were the development trend of improving the accuracy of FTIR measurement in addition to improving the accuracy of the instrument itself, which provided a reference for the research and application of FTIR in related fields.

Determination of the Main Components of Astragalus Membranaceus and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant Activity

Twenty-four batches of A.membranaceus were extracted by ultrasound method.The contents of total saponins, total flavonoids and total polysaccharides were determined to comprehensively evaluate the effects of variety, origin and growth years on the content of various components of Astragalus membranaceus.DPPH-UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS method was developed for screening antioxidants from A.membranaceus.DPPH and ABTS experiments were used to verify the antioxidant activity of monomer compounds.The results showed that one year A.membranaceus from Neimenggu Chifeng had the highest content of total saponins.Wild A.membranaceus from Heilongjiang Daxinanling had the highest content of total flavonoids.One year A.membranaceus from Neimenggu Wuchuan had the highest content of total polysaccharides.The results showed that flavonoids had better antioxidant activity than that of saponins and polysaccharides.By structure-activity relationship was discussed.The more hydroxyl groups attached to the flavonoids, the higher antioxidant activity they had.The attachment of glucoside to flavonoids would reduce the antioxidant activity.This study will provide theoretical basis for rational utilization of A.membranaceus and promotion of regional brand resources of A.membranaceus.