Chemical Reagents

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Analysis of Organic Components in PM2.5 via Inlet Thermal Desorption Coupled with Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Recent Advances in Cyclization Reactions Involving N,N-disubstituted Enaminones

Structural Design of Bismuth Oxyhalide-Based Catalysts and Their Applications Research in the Field of Environment and Energy

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Current Issue Archive Most Cited Most Download

Issue 05,2026

特约专稿

Progress in Chloride Corrosion Resistance of Catalysts for Seawater Electrolysis

DENG Kai-yuan;LIU Ke;LEI Lei;LI Ting-ting;WANG De-gao;

Seawater electrolysis is a cost-effective and environmentally sustainable approach for large-scale green hydrogen production that reduces reliance on freshwater resources. However, challenges such as anode corrosion, competitive chlorine evolution,and catalyst deactivation—primarily caused by the high chloride ion concentration( ～ 0. 5 mol/L) in seawater—substantially reduce electrolysis efficiency, shorten equipment lifetime, and limit industrial deployment. Existing studies have predominantly focused on classifying catalyst types or exploring isolated anticorrosion strategies, with limited comprehensive analysis of the dynamic mechanisms underlying chloride ion-induced degradation and insufficient attention to the integrative compatibility between catalyst design and the overall electrolysis system. This review examined the fundamental scientific challenges and thermodynamic competition in seawater electrolysis,with particular emphasis on the dual challenges of chloride ion corrosion and calcium-magnesium ion deposition.It further delineated three principal chloride ion-induced degradation pathways:active-site poisoning,lattice structure disruption,and metal corrosion coupled with dissolution. Based on the mechanisms and targets of chloride ion corrosion,an innovative anticorrosion catalyst design framework was proposed,including three categories:active regulation,passive defense,and holistic system adaptation.The anticorrosion mechanisms were systematically elucidated by integrating in situ characterization techniques with theoretical modeling.Finally,this review compared the performance of simulated and real seawater systems,outlines future directions for catalyst development,and provides a theoretical foundation and technical guidance for the targeted design and industrial application of seawater electrolysis catalysts.

Issue 05 ,2026 v.48 ;
[Downloads: 347 ] [Citations: 0 ] [Reads: 26 ] HTML PDF Cite this article

综述与专论

Research Progress on the Antibacterial Effects of Berberine and Its Derivatives

YIN Ling;LIU Qing-han;LIAO Xiang-wen;WANG Jin-tao;

The widespread dissemination of multidrug-resistant bacteria worldwide has exacerbated the antibiotic resistance crisis.The diminished efficacy of conventional antibacterial agents and insufficient development of novel drugs have driven intensive research on natural antimicrobial active substances. Berberine, a major isoquinoline alkaloid derived from traditional Chinese medicines such as Coptis chinensis Franch.,exhibits low toxicity,low mutagenicity,multi-target effects,and low risk of inducing drug resistance,showing promising application prospects in the field of anti-infective therapy.This study systematically elaborated on the physicochemical properties and broad-spectrum pharmacological activities of berberine, focusing on its six major antibacterial mechanisms.It reviewed the inhibitory effects of berberine on gram-positive bacteria,includingStaphylococcus aureus,Enterococcus faecalisandClostridioides difficile,and on gram-negative bacteria,such asEscherichia coli,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Acinetobacter baumannii, andHelicobacter pylori. Notably, berberine retains favorable activity against multidrug-resistant strains, and its structurally modified derivatives can significantly enhance its antibacterial efficacy.Furthermore,as a natural efflux pump inhibitor,berberine exerts synergistic effects when combined with various antibiotics and can reverse bacterial resistance. It also exhibits broad-spectrum inhibitory activity against fungi, includingCandida albicansand Cryptococcus neoformans.Despite limitations,such as poor water solubility and low bioavailability,novel formulation and delivery strategies have effectively improved its application constraints. This review provides a reference for the research and clinical translation of berberine and its derivatives in combating multidrug-resistant bacteria,and offers insights from traditional Chinese medicine to address the global antibiotic resistance crisis.

Issue 05 ,2026 v.48 ;
[Downloads: 375 ] [Citations: 0 ] [Reads: 22 ] HTML PDF Cite this article

Research Progress in Molecular Activity of Coumarin-Related Drugs

LIU Di;WAN Ming-tao;LU Wen-tao;WANG Dan;YE Wen-qiang;MEN Jing;Market Supervision and Administration Bureau of Hantai District of Hanzhong Road;Market Supervision and Administration Bureau of Hantai District of Puzhen;Shaanxi Center for Drug and Vaccine Inspection;

Coumarin compounds are secondary metabolites formed by the fusion of a benzene ring and anα-pyrone ring,belonging to the class ofortho-hydroxycinnamic acid lactones,which are widely distributed in nature.Coumarins have attracted considerable attention owing to their rich pharmacological activity and potential for treating various diseases, with applications in natural products,drug design and development, and overall health. For many years, researchers have studied coumarins in depth,introducing various functional groups, such as pyran, sesquiterpene, alkylamine, nitro, aromatic, piperazine, acrylate, and trifluoromethyl groups,into their parent ring structure.Several coumarin drugs—particularly antibacterial and antitumor drugs—have been successfully used to treat various diseases,demonstrating their rich pharmacological activity and high clinical value.This review summarized the research progress of coumarin drugs with therapeutic activities,including anticoagulation,antibacterial,and antitumor effects,based on drug databases and domestic and foreign literature.This study provides an outlook on the development prospects of coumarin drugs,aiming to provide a reference for further research,development,and application.

Issue 05 ,2026 v.48 ;
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生化与药用试剂

Colorimetric Probe Based on ST-6-2 Aptamer for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein

WANG Xin-yan;ZHU He;GA Lu;AI Jun;

A colorimetric biosensor based on ST-6-2 aptamer and gold nanoparticles( AuNPs) was developed for the rapid detection of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.AuNPs with uniform particle size were synthesized using the sodium-citrate reduction method,and the binding conformational change between the aptamer and the spike protein was verified via circular dichroism spectroscopy.Three conjugation strategies for the DNA functionalization of AuNPs,namely the freeze-thaw,salt-aging,and low-pH methods,were compared.The conjugation efficiency was evaluated based on UV-Vis absorption spectra,and the low-pH method was identified as the optimal strategy.A colorimetric probe(AuNPs@ SH-DNA) was constructed by covalently coupling thiolmodified cDNA and Poly T to the surface of AuNPs.Based on the principle of competitive lateral-flow chromatography,a test strip was assembled for the visual detection of the spike protein.Experimental results showed that the sensor exhibited favorable signal response toward the spike protein,thus enabling rapid,low-cost,and point-of-care detection.This colorimetric aptasensor platform provides a novel solution for the point-of-care testing of SARS-CoV-2 and demonstrates significant potential for epidemic screening and decentralized diagnostics.

Issue 05 ,2026 v.48 ;
[Downloads: 137 ] [Citations: 0 ] [Reads: 25 ] HTML PDF Cite this article

分离提取技术

Research on the Volatile Oil Embedding Process of Jindan Fuyan Granules

ZHU Liang-hui;WU Qian-ying;CHEN Wei-kang;LIU De-hong;CHEN Xi;MIAO Gui-zhong;

This study aimed to optimize the preparation process of aβ-cyclodextrin(β-CD) inclusion complex containing the volatile oil from Jindan FuYan Granules via the saturated aqueous solution method. On the basis of single-factor experiments,response surface methodology(RSM) was employed to investigate the effects of the temperature,stirring time,stirring speed,and mass-volume ratio of β-CD to volatile oil,with the comprehensive score of the inclusion rate,yield,and drug loading capacity set as the evaluation index.Design-Expert 13 software was applied to analyze the interactions of various factors and optimize the process parameters. Four characterization experiments, including scanning electron microscopy, thin-layer chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, were performed to verify the successful formation of the inclusion complex. The optimal inclusion process parameters were determined as follows:experimental temperature of 30 ℃,stirring time of 2. 15 h,stirring speed of 1400 r/min,and mass-volume ratio ofβ-CD to volatile oil of 6 ∶1.The P-value of the RSM model was less than 0. 05,and the coefficient of determination(R²) was greater than 0. 9,indicating favorable fitting performance and high feasibility of the established model.A significant interaction was detected between the stirring speed and the mass-volume ratio of β-CD to volatile oil.The four characterization experiments verified the differences between the inclusion complex and raw materials from multiple dimensions,confirmed the successful formation of the inclusion complex,and proved the stability and reliability of the optimized process.This study optimizes the preparation process of aβ-CD inclusion complex containing volatile oil from Jindan FuYan Granules.The established method is stable and feasible,and can provide insights for subsequent research and development of related industrial production.

Issue 05 ,2026 v.48 ;
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Structural Design of Bismuth Oxyhalide-Based Catalysts and Their Applications Research in the Field of Environment and Energy

LI Ming-yang;HU Qing-song;

With continuous industrialization， resource shortages and environmental deterioration have become major issues that need to be addressed urgently. Since its discovery， the photocatalytic technology has attracted extensive attention from researchers worldwide owing to its green and environmentally friendly nature， high efficiency， energy conservation， and compliance with the concept of sustainable development. Although photocatalysis has great potential for solving energy and environmental problems， the traditional photocatalysts suffer from issues such as a narrow light response range， low light utilization rate， and high recombination rate of photogenerated carriers， which severely restrict their development and application. Therefore， the modification of photocatalysts has become important in this field. Semiconducting halogenated bismuth oxide (BiOX， X = Cl， Br， or I) catalysts are highly favored by researchers owing to their unique crystal structure， adjustable band structure， excellent charge separation capability， and good photochemical stability. This article first outlines the structural characteristics of BiOX-based catalysts， systematically summarizes the modification strategies to improve their photocatalytic activity (including crystal plane engineering， morphology control， heterostructure construction， defect engineering， and element doping)， and discusses their applications in the energy conversion and environmental governance fields， such as in pollutant degradation， carbon dioxide reduction， hydrogen peroxide preparation， and hydrogen evolution reaction. Further， the application potential of the BiOX-based catalysts in the field of photocatalysis is clarified using typical research cases. Finally， the challenges and future development directions for BiOX-based photocatalyst research are discussed.

Online First Publication Date (Accepted Manuscript):2026-06-11 09:57:28 ;
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Research Progress on Synthesis and Biological Activities of Pyranoindole Compounds

GAN Xu-mei;CHEN Wei-jie;WANG Cui-xia;WEN Xin-yu;ZHANG Zhen-wei;

Pyranoindole compounds are a class of heterocyclic frameworks formed by the pyran and indole rings via various fusion modes. These structures are widely distributed in natural products derived from plants， fungi， and marine organisms. Owing to their unique electronic distributions， diverse fusion patterns， and abundant reactive sites， pyranoindoles exhibit a broad spectrum of biological activities， including anti-inflammatory， antibacterial， antitumor， and antiviral effects. Therefore， they have become a significant focus of research in medicinal chemistry. This review systematically summarizes the recent progress in the synthesis and biological evaluation of pyranoindole derivatives over the past decade， with a particular emphasis on classification according to the different fusion sites of the pyran and indole rings， such as [2，3-b]， [3，4-b]， [4，3-b]， [3，2-b]， [2，3-e]， [3，2-e]， and [2，3-g]. A diverse range of synthetic strategies has been developed. These include DABCO-catalyzed tandem Michael–Knoevenagel and oxa-Michael cyclization sequences， bifunctional squaramide-catalyzed Michael addition/cyclization， palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative cycloaddition enabling the dearomatization of 3-nitroindoles， iodine-promoted one-pot three-component reactions， electrochemical dual-oxidation cycloadditions， rhodium-catalyzed C-H activation and dual oxygen-coordinated annulations， graphene oxide-catalyzed tandem reactions in both organic and aqueous media， and BaTiO₃ nanoparticle-assisted ultrasonic one-pot syntheses. Each strategy offers distinct advantages in terms of the substrate scope， stereocontrol， atom economy， and environmental compatibility. These methods have enabled the efficient assembly of structurally diverse pyranoindole scaffolds， including spirocyclic， tetracyclic， and fluorinated derivatives， with high yields and stereoselectivities in many cases. In terms of biological activities， representative pyranoindole derivatives have shown promising results in various pharmacological assays. Despite these findings， several challenges remain in the development of pyranoindole-based drug candidates. The natural sources of these compounds are limited， necessitating efficient chemical or biosynthetic approaches. However， existing synthetic routes often suffer from lengthy procedures， poor regio- and stereocontrol， and a limited substrate scope. Moreover， the structural diversity of pyranoindoles has not yet been fully exploited， particularly in terms of their asymmetric synthesis. Most biological studies are still in the preliminary stages of screening. The precise molecular targets， mechanisms of action， and comprehensive structure-activity relationships (SARs) remain largely unclear. To address these issues， future studies should focus on integrating synthetic organic chemistry and biology to develop efficient and sustainable synthetic strategies. Therefore， detailed SAR studies and target identification are urgently required to guide rational drug design. If these challenges are successfully addressed， pyranoindole compounds are expected to become promising candidates for treating various diseases， thereby offering new opportunities for drug discovery and development. This review serves as a valuable reference for the discovery and structural optimization of novel pyranoindole-based lead compounds.

Online First Publication Date (Accepted Manuscript):2026-05-19 12:06:32 ; 广西自然科学基金项目（2025GXNSFBA069322）; 广西高校中青年教师科研基础能力提升项目（2025KY0385）; 广西中医药大学第三批“岐黄工程“高层次人才团队培育项目（202408）;广西中医药大学大学生科研训练课题项目（2022DXS11）
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Recent Advances in Cyclization Reactions Involving N，N-disubstituted Enaminones

XUE Meng-ling;FENG Yu-yan;ZHANG Ya-ting;YANG Yan-qing;LIN Ning;

N，N-Disubstituted enaminones represent a highly versatile class of multifunctional synthetic building blocks that inherently possess both nucleophilic and electrophilic reactivity. Within their molecular architecture， the electron-rich carbon atom of the enamine moiety and the electron-deficient carbon of the ketone carbonyl group are covalently interconnected through a conjugated π-system， resulting in a distinctive α，β-unsaturated carbonyl framework. This unique electronic structure endows these compounds with a remarkably diverse array of reaction modes: on the one hand， they can readily serve as nucleophilic species in chemical transformations via their enamine terminus; on the other hand， they can act as electrophilic acceptors through either conjugate addition or carbonyl activation pathways. Notably， these processes are often accompanied by excellent and predictable regioselective control. As a direct consequence， the strategic employment of N，N-disubstituted enaminones as pivotal intermediates or readily accessible starting materials enables the convenient and efficient construction of a wide array of valuable structural motifs， including five- and six-membered carbocycles， nitrogen- and oxygen-containing heterocycles， and complex fused ring systems. These cyclic skeletons are ubiquitous core structures found in functional materials， natural products， and pharmaceutical molecules， endowing this chemistry with significant application value across the interdisciplinary fields of material preparation， drug discovery， and organic synthesis. In this review， we systematically summarize the research progress made over the past five years in cyclization reactions involving N，N-disubstituted enaminones. The content is organized according to the catalytic system employed and sequentially covers transition-metal-catalyzed cyclization reactions， photo- and electrocatalytic transformations， metal-free reaction protocols， and cyclization processes promoted by microwave or ultrasound irradiation. For each catalytic category， the underlying reaction mechanisms， scope and limitations of applicable substrates， characteristic features of the transformations， and potential application prospects are discussed. In addition， the problems present in current studies are analyzed， and an outlook on future development trends is provided. This review is expected to offer a reference for the subsequent design of novel cyclization reactions based on N，N-disubstituted enaminones as well as the synthesis of drug molecules and production of functional materials.

Online First Publication Date (Accepted Manuscript):2026-06-09 16:46:13 ; 国家自然科学基金项目（22461008）; 广西自然科学基金项目（2021GXNSFDA075016）
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Determination of Fipronil and Its Metabolites in Sunflower Seeds， Barley， and Banana Using GC-NCI-MS

PAN Hong-rui;LIU Yang;ZHANG Bin;ZHANG Jing;YANG Fei;LI Jie;PENG Yang-si;LIU Pei;

Fipronil， a broad-spectrum phenylpyrazole， is widely used to control crop pests. However， its parent body and metabolites， such as fipronil， fipronil sulfone， and fipronil sulfide， exhibit strong biological toxicity and can damage the functions of multiple human organs. Moreover， the lower limit of determination of the current national standard supporting detection method SN/T 1982-2007 does not meet the residue limit requirements of GB 2763-2021. Therefore， establishing a highly sensitive and adaptable detection method is important for food safety supervision. In this study， a gas chromatography–negative chemical ionization–mass spectrometry (GC-NCI-MS) external standard quantitative analysis method was established for the detection of fipronil and its metabolites in sunflower seeds， barley， and bananas. The innovation is that the pretreatment process is optimized for different matrices， adapting to the ionization characteristics of GC-NCI-MS， with the trace-residue detection sensitivity being enhanced. Herein， the samples were processed whole or crushed. The prepared samples were then extracted with acetonitrile， purified via liquid–liquid distribution with n-hexane， purified using a solid-phase extraction column of primary and secondary amines， dehydrated with anhydrous sodium sulfate， analyzed using GC-NCI-MS， and quantified using the external standard method. In the barley and sunflower seed matrices， the results revealed a good linear relationship within the range of 0.0006～0.02 μg/mL (R² > 0.9943) for fipronil and its metabolites. When the blank-matrix spike levels were 0.0005， 0.001， and 0.0025 mg/kg， the recovery rates were 91.86%～108.8%. The relative standard deviation (RSD) ranged from 0.7% to 11.9%. In the banana matrix， a good linear relationship was observed for fipronil and its metabolites within the range of 0.005～0.1 μg/mL (R² > 0.9938). When the blank-matrix spike levels were 0.001， 0.002， and 0.005 mg/kg， the recovery rate was 88.4%～103.5%， and the RSD was 7.1%～10.8%. The detection and quantification limits of this method are lower than the national-standard limit requirements. Moreover， the matrix effect is controllable and， compared with current industry standards， the detection sensitivity is one to two orders of magnitude higher. The method was used to test 30 samples. Fipronil metabolites (classified as fipronil and fipronil sulfone) were detected in only one batch of banana samples， and the total residue was far lower than the national-standard limit. Overall， this method exhibits strong stability， high sensitivity， and good matrix compatibility. Moreover， it can meet the detection requirements for trace residues of fipronil and its metabolites in bananas， sunflower seeds， and barley， thereby providing technical support for food safety supervision.

Online First Publication Date (Accepted Manuscript):2026-05-27 09:20:56 ; 天津海关科技项目（2025THK004）
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Preparation and Characterization of Fluoroquinolone-Selective Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Using Dummy Templates ZHAO Dong-yan^*， YANG Yue-xin， YE Jia-li (College of Food， Zhejiang Pharmaceutical University， Ningbo 315500， China)

ZHAO Dong-yan;YANG Yue-xin;YE Jia-li;

A molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) with specific recognition ability for fluoroquinolones (FQs) was prepared using a dummy-template strategy and then fully characterized. Specifically， a dummy template comprising daidzein was employed to avoid the template leakage problem that commonly arises when real FQ templates are used. 4-Vinylpyridine， ethylene glycol dimethacrylate， and azobisisobutyronitrile were selected as the functional monomer， crosslinker， and initiator， respectively. A binary porogenic system comprising dimethyl sulfoxide and acetonitrile was used. MIPs targeting ofloxacin (OFLX) and norfloxacin (NOR) in animal-derived foods were synthesized via bulk polymerization. The MIPs and corresponding non-imprinted polymers (NIPs) were characterized via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy， scanning electron microscopy， and static adsorption experiments， with the latter being conducted at room temperature using an initial analyte concentration of 100 mg/L. The results revealed an MIP adsorption capacity of 35.92 mg/g for OFLX， which was significantly higher than that obtained for the NIP (11.23 mg/g). For NOR， the MIP exhibited an adsorption capacity of 40.21 mg/g， which was 3.83 times that of the NIP (10.51 mg/g). These results demonstrate the excellent imprinting effect and specific binding affinity of the prepared MIP toward the target FQs. Additionally， kinetic studies indicated a pseudo-second-order kinetic model for the adsorption process， suggesting that chemical interactions dominated the binding mechanism. The equilibrium adsorption data fit the Langmuir isotherm model well， implying homogeneous monolayer adsorption on the imprinted sites. To evaluate the MIP selectivity， its adsorption capacities toward two structural analogs， quinine and chloroquine， were measured. Considerably lower MIP adsorption amounts of 17.58 and 14.07 mg/g were recorded for quinine and chloroquine， respectively， confirming the high selectivity of the MIP for FQs over non-specific compounds. Moreover， reusability tests demonstrated that， after nine consecutive adsorption–desorption cycles， the MIP retained more than 89% of its original adsorption capacity， thereby indicating good stability and regeneration performance. In summary， the dummy-template MIP described herein has a simple preparation process， exhibits excellent recognition properties and adsorption performance toward FQs， and is highly suitable for use as a solid-phase extraction packing material for the pretreatment and enrichment of FQ residues in complex animal-derived food matrices.

Online First Publication Date (Accepted Manuscript):2026-05-28 16:55:28 ; 浙江省公益技术应用研究项目（LGC22C200011）
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Synthesis and application of ionic liquid

Li Ruxiong ,Wang Jianji (Department of Chemistry,Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology,Beijing 102600),Huaxue Shiji,2001,23(4),211~215

The materials which is liquid state at a temperature near the room temperature are named molten salts or ionic liquids.Over one hundred ionic liquids have been prepared.The methods of their synthesis can be classfied into two categories:metathesis and acid base neutralization.They can be applied to separation technology,electrochemistry and chemical synthesis,particularly catalytic reaction.

Issue 04 ,2001 ;
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The evolution and advances of solid-phase microextraction

FU Ruo-nong (Department of Chemistry,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China)

Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is a sampling technique based on sorption of analytes onto a polymeric material coated on a silica fiber.SPME is a popular sample preparation method,which integrates extraction,concentration,desorption and injection into one step for sample preparation.SPME,which is based on solid-phase extraction (SPE),eliminates the disadvantages of using packed materials and solvents to dissolve analytes and retains all advantages of SPE.The stationary phases of SPME are polymers (such as polydimethylsiloxane) or adsorbents (such as carbon),which are coated on silica fiber or capillary column.The SPME can extract and concentrate the sample by adsorbing (or absorbing) the analytes onto stationary phases,then deliver the fiber of SPME to the inlet port of gas chromatograph for analysis.This method is suitable for sample preparation in a variety of technical areas.This paper discusses briefly the evolution and recent advances in solid-phase microextraction techniques.

Issue 01 ,2008 ;
[Downloads: 3,694 ] [Citations: 180 ] [Reads: 165 ] HTML PDF Cite this article

Catalytic synthesis of substituted tetraphenylporphyrins

Lei Yuan;Guo Cancheng;

Twelve kinds of substituted tetraphenylporphyrins (TXPPH₂)were synthesized by the direct condensation of pyrrole with substituted benzaldehyde by refluxing in DMF in the presence of AlCl₃.Compared with other methods in the literature,this method has the advantages of wider applicabilities,higher yields and better purity.

Issue 02 ,1994 ;
[Downloads: 714 ] [Citations: 136 ] [Reads: 180 ] HTML PDF Cite this article

Research on synthesis of new Schiff base reagent(HPMαFP)_2EN and its application in reversed-phasepaper chromatography

Li Jinzhou;An Yumel;YuWenjin;

In this paper a new Schiff base reagent N,N'-bis[(1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-oxo-4-pyra o a-furyl-furylmethylidyne ] ethylenediimine [(HPMaFP)2EN ] hasbeen synthesized. its structure has been confirmed byelemental analysis,IR,NMR and MS. Some propertieswere determined. Its behavior in separating rare earthions has been studied by reversed-phase paper chromatography with (HPMaFP)2EN as stationary phase,acidified NawSO4 solutions as eluents. It has beenshown that this reagent can be applied to the separation of multicomponent rare earth mixtures in the PHrange of 0. 2-1. 2.

Issue 06 ,1996 ;
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Study on the synthesis of room temperature ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate

CAI Yue-qin, PENG Yan-qing, SONG Gong-hua , HUANG Fei-fei, LU Feng (Institute of Pesticides & Pharmaceuticals, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China)

The key intermediate, l-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide, was synthesized efficiently from 1-methylimidazole and l-bromobutane.The influence of temperature and reaction heat of itself on this reaction was also investigated. After anion exchanging, room temperature ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate was obtained in 92% yield.The structure of final product was confirmed by IR and 1HNMR spectral data.

Issue 01 ,2005 ;
[Downloads: 2,110 ] [Citations: 115 ] [Reads: 122 ] HTML PDF Cite this article

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Highly Sensitive Detection of Penicillin G in Milk by Fluorescence Probe Based on Silicon Nanoparticle

WANG Sheng-yun;LI Chun-rong;MENG Tie-hong;ZHAO Hong-bin;LIAO De-jun;TAO Chen;ZHANG Xiang-ling;

The silicon nanoparticle(DFC)that emits blue fluorescence at 450 nm was synthesized by using the reagents of N-[3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ethylenediamine and fluorescein sodium salt.The structural characterization and spectral performance analysis of DFC were carried out by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),transmission electron microscope(TEM),Zeta potential and ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum.Based on the performance DFC can be quenched by Cr³⁺ ion, a fluorescent probe of Cr³⁺@DFC for the detection of penicillin G(PG) was prepared.The fluorescence of the Cr³⁺@DFC probe was recovered in the presence of PG.There was a good linear relationship between fluorescence recovery efficiency and PG concentration in the range of 0.1～1.0 μg/mL.The detection limit is 0.023 μg/mL,and the linear equation was y=71.26x+0.478,R²=0.99.The method is easy to operate and has high sensitivity to detect PG in milk samples, which offers a promising application prospect.

Issue 02 ,2025 v.47 ;
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The application of 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide(DCC) used as condensation agent in organic synthesis

WANG Wei,LI Wen-feng,YANG Yu-qiong,ZHAO Jun (Department of Chemistry,Guizhou Bijie University,Bijie 551700,China)

1,3-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) is widely used in the reaction for synthesis of esters and amides as a condensation agent.The synthesis and condensation reactions using DCC as the dehydration agent can take place in the mild conditions with good product yield.In this paper,DCC used as a dehydrating agent in the study on preparation of esters,amides,and phosphorylaminopropyl compounds is reviewed.

Issue 03 ,2008 ;
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Advance in research of room temperature ionic liquids

WANG Feng-yan,SHAO Guang-jie* (College of Environment and Chemical Engineering,Yanshan University,Qinhuangdao 066004,China)

The ionic liquids(ILs) thanks to their low melting point,high conductivity and negligible vapor pressure have been attracting great attention of the academic and industrial circles.In recent years,the ILs have widely been applied in many fields.The recent application development of ionic liquids in these fields is summarized in this paper,such as their application in chemical reactions,separation process and manufacture of new materials.The perspectives in this research field are also discussed.

Issue 01 ,2009 v.31 ;
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Application and Progress of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Technology

ZHOU Feng-ran;HAN Qiao;ZHANG Ti-qiang;WU Hai;ZENG Wu;WANG De-fa;National Institute of Metrology;National Center for Quality Supervision and Inspection on Gas Products;

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) has the advantages of fast scanning speed, high resolution and high sensitivity, and it is widely used in research fields such as mechanism research, performance characterization, and composition detection.According to different detection requirements, researchers have also made corresponding adjustments and optimizations when using FTIR.The principle of FTIR was briefly introduced, the application status of FTIR technology in various research fields in recent years was focused on.It pointed out that the combination with other analysis techniques, the establishment of mathematical models and standardization were the development trend of improving the accuracy of FTIR measurement in addition to improving the accuracy of the instrument itself, which provided a reference for the research and application of FTIR in related fields.

Issue 08 ,2021 v.43 ;
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Determination of the Main Components of Astragalus Membranaceus and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant Activity

SUN Yu;CHEN Xue;TANG Shou-xiang;ZHANG Wei;ZHANG Hai-peng;SHAN Chun-guang;LIU Han;

Twenty-four batches of A.membranaceus were extracted by ultrasound method.The contents of total saponins, total flavonoids and total polysaccharides were determined to comprehensively evaluate the effects of variety, origin and growth years on the content of various components of Astragalus membranaceus.DPPH-UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS method was developed for screening antioxidants from A.membranaceus.DPPH and ABTS experiments were used to verify the antioxidant activity of monomer compounds.The results showed that one year A.membranaceus from Neimenggu Chifeng had the highest content of total saponins.Wild A.membranaceus from Heilongjiang Daxinanling had the highest content of total flavonoids.One year A.membranaceus from Neimenggu Wuchuan had the highest content of total polysaccharides.The results showed that flavonoids had better antioxidant activity than that of saponins and polysaccharides.By structure-activity relationship was discussed.The more hydroxyl groups attached to the flavonoids, the higher antioxidant activity they had.The attachment of glucoside to flavonoids would reduce the antioxidant activity.This study will provide theoretical basis for rational utilization of A.membranaceus and promotion of regional brand resources of A.membranaceus.

Issue 12 ,2023 v.45 ;
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Journal Information

Journal Name: Chemical Reagents

First Published: April 1979 • Monthly

Governed by: China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation

Sponsored by:
China Association for Analysis and Testing
Sinopharm Chemical Reagents Co., Ltd.
Beijing Guohua Jingshi Consulting Co., Ltd.

Edited and Published by: Editorial Office of Chemical Reagents

Editor-in-Chief: Qing Fengling

Phone: 010-58321793

010-58321723

E-mail: webmaster@chinareagent.com.cn

Address: Room 107, Building 6, No. 8 Tai Ping Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China

Serial Publication Number: ISSN 0258-3283 CN 11-2135/TQ

Domestic Subscription:

Available at all post offices nationwide, Mail Subscription Code: 2-444

Price: CNY 40 per issue

Advertisement Registration number: 京西工商广登字20170008

Links

China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation

China Association for Instrumental Analysis

Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.

Beijing Guohua Jingshi Consulting Co., Ltd.

National Chemical Reagents Information

International Knowledge Resource Database

Academic Misconduct Detection System

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Chemical Reagents

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Progress in Chloride Corrosion Resistance of Catalysts for Seawater Electrolysis

Research Progress on the Antibacterial Effects of Berberine and Its Derivatives

Research Progress in Molecular Activity of Coumarin-Related Drugs

Colorimetric Probe Based on ST-6-2 Aptamer for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein

Research on the Volatile Oil Embedding Process of Jindan Fuyan Granules

Structural Design of Bismuth Oxyhalide-Based Catalysts and Their Applications Research in the Field of Environment and Energy

Research Progress on Synthesis and Biological Activities of Pyranoindole Compounds

Recent Advances in Cyclization Reactions Involving N，N-disubstituted Enaminones

Determination of Fipronil and Its Metabolites in Sunflower Seeds， Barley， and Banana Using GC-NCI-MS

Preparation and Characterization of Fluoroquinolone-Selective Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Using Dummy Templates ZHAO Dong-yan^*， YANG Yue-xin， YE Jia-li (College of Food， Zhejiang Pharmaceutical University， Ningbo 315500， China)

Synthesis and application of ionic liquid

The evolution and advances of solid-phase microextraction

Catalytic synthesis of substituted tetraphenylporphyrins

Research on synthesis of new Schiff base reagent(HPMαFP)_2EN and its application in reversed-phasepaper chromatography

Study on the synthesis of room temperature ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate

Highly Sensitive Detection of Penicillin G in Milk by Fluorescence Probe Based on Silicon Nanoparticle

The application of 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide(DCC) used as condensation agent in organic synthesis

Advance in research of room temperature ionic liquids

Application and Progress of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Technology

Determination of the Main Components of Astragalus Membranaceus and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant Activity

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