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Nonclassic Application of Lindlar Catalyst
JIANG Yi-chen;CHEN Yi-xin;XU Jia-xi;CHEN Ning;As a typical representative of palladium-based catalysts, the Lindlar catalyst exhibits unique chemoselectivity in selective hydrogenation.This review systematically summarized its classical applications in cis(Z)-selective alkyne hydrogenation and highlighted innovative breakthroughs in non-traditional hydrogenation scenarios.Mechanistic studies indicate that the selectivity of the Lindlar system arises from a dynamic equilibrium between electronic effects and stereochemical control, governed by a following mechanism: 1)Selective poisoning of palladium active surfaces by basic additives(e.g.,quinoline).2)Synergistic effects of substrate spatial configuration and ligand binding capacity.3)Distribution of electron density in unsaturated bonds.4)Coordination-induced orientation by directing groups(e.g.,hydroxyl and amino).5)Precise kinetic control of reaction process.Notably, the Lindlar catalyst has transcended traditional alkyne reduction boundaries, extending its applications to emerging fields such as α,β-hydrogenation of enones, stepwise reduction of isolated alkenes, chemoselective conversion of nitroarenes, and isotope-labeled dehalogenation.By deconstructing its operational mechanisms and reaction pathways, this review not only enhances the theoretical understanding of surface electron transfer and substrate adsorption but also provides innovative strategies for precision molecular construction, demonstrating significant value in pharmaceutical synthesis and isotopic tracer technologies.
Research Progress in Applications of Superhydrophobic Coatings
DING Xiao-jie;LIANG Qiu-hong;CHEN Du-gang;Superhydrophobic coatings characterized by a water contact angle(WCA)>150° and a sliding angle(SA) or contact angle hysteresis(CAH)<10°,hold promise for large-scale applications in advanced industrial fields such as aerospace, marine engineering, electronic engineering, and new energy due to their unique wettability.However, their strong reliance on low surface free energy and micro-nano scale roughness makes them highly susceptible to mechanical wear and difficult to withstand environmental factors such as strong ultraviolet radiation and chemical corrosion, leading to durability issues.Addressing this problem, this review focuses on the potential of spray methods for large-scale production of superhydrophobic coatings.Starting from the theoretical basis of superhydrophobicity, it detailed the current applications of these coatings in areas such as anti-fouling and self-cleaning, anti-icing and de-icing, oil-water separation, anti-fogging, and corrosion prevention.Subsequently, concentrating on the critical issue of enhancing the durability of superhydrophobic coatings, it systematically summarized and categorized recent research progress in the field from five perspectives, including endowing materials with self-healing capabilities, constructing multi-level hierarchical micro-nano structures, introducing protective structures, enhancing cross-linking density, and adding layered or rigid materials.Additionally, it analyzed and forecast the obstacles to the commercialization of superhydrophobic coatings and future research directions.This review aims to provide a reference for the further development and eventual industrial application of superhydrophobic coating technology.
Research Progress of Rare Earth Porous Materials for Catalytic Oxidation of NO
YAO Jia-sai;YU Cheng-cheng;HU Zi-kang;LI Zhen-xing;At present, the problem of environmental pollution has become one of the major problems affecting the sustainable development of society, and the rapid development of catalytic oxidation technology provides technical support for the above problems.Rare earth porous materials have shown great application potential in the field of NO catalytic oxidation due to their stable crystal structure, excellent oxidation reduction performance, oxygen storage capacity and good catalytic performance, and have become a research hotspot in the field of environmental catalysis.This paper systematically summarized the main research progress made by domestic and foreign researchers in the field of catalytic oxidation of NO in rare earth porous materials in recent years, and focused on the synthesis methods of high-performance rare earth porous materials catalysts, such as co-precipitation method, sol-gel method, hydrothermal method/solvothermal method, template method, etc.,through morphology control, defect engineering, component optimization and other means, the pore volume, pore size and specific surface area of the material were adjusted to optimize the microstructure of the material and further enhance its catalytic activity, selectivity and stability.At the same time, the basic application research of different types of catalysts, such as polymetallic oxide catalysts, supported catalysts and perovskite catalysts in the field of NO catalytic oxidation was deeply analyzed, and the future research direction and development trend of the catalytic oxidation of NO by rare earth porous nanomaterials were prospected.
Syntheses， Structures and Properties of Two Non-heme Alkoxide-Fe(III) Complexes
WU Gui-Ling;Two lipoxygenase model compounds [Fe~(III)(OMe)(Hedtb)](ClO_(4))_(3)·6.5CH_(3)OH (1) and [Fe~(III)(OBu~(n))(Hedtb)](ClO_(4))_(3)·3~(n)BuOH (2) with different alkoxide-Fe(III) groups were prepared from reactions of a benzimidazolyl-rich ligand N，N，N′，N′-tetrakis(2-benzimidazolyl-methyl)ethylenediamine (edtb) and Fe(ClO_(4))_(3)·9H_(2)O in methanol and n-butanol， respectively， and studied for crystal structures， UV-vis spectroscopy， electrochemical properties and lipoxygenase activities. The single crystal X-ray analysis showed that the Fe~(III) center in both complexes was each octahedrally coordinated by five N atoms from the benzimidazole and alkylaminegroups of the edtb ligand and one oxygen atom of solvent methanol or n-butanol to form a highly distorted octahedral configurationwith the Fe-O bond distances of 1.799(3) and 1.789(5) ?， respectively， for 1 and 2. The UV-visible spectra of 1 and 2 both showed a strong absorption peak near 375 nm. The reaction with DHAn indicated that both title complexes possess lipoxygenase activity.
Study on the Treatment of Heavy Metal Ions in Water with Magnetic Lignin-based Composite Adsorbent
ZHAO Yang;LIU Qing;Inappropriate treatment of industrial wastewater brought pollution to the environment and seriously affects the health of animals and plants. There is an urgent need to develop a green and efficient adsorbent to solve such problems. In this paper， magnetic lignosulfonate functional materials were prepared by the hydrothermal method. In order to combine Fe_(3)O_(4) with lignosulfonate， magnetic lignosulfonate (M-LS) was synthesized by coating Fe_(3)O_(4) with organic carbon. The morphology， structure， stability， and magnetic properties of the materials were characterized by various testing methods. Under the experimental conditions， the pH of the solution， the contact time， the amount of adsorbent， and the initial concentration were determined. The results showed that the layered magnetic adsorbent with stable performance and rough surface was obtained. At pH 5， the maximum adsorption capacity of the material was 190.6 mg/g (Cu~(2+)) and 224.5 mg/g (Pb~(2+))， respectively. In addition， the isotherm study showed that the adsorption process is more consistent with the pseudo second order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model. Therefore， the method in studies was expected to be used in heavy metal ion treatment， and the proposed magnetic composite materials could inspire more scholars to deal with polluted water resources.
Determination of 3 kinds of ODSs (CFC-11, HCFC-141b and HCFC-22) in Composite Polyether by Headspace Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry
WU Xiao-yan;WAN Wei;ZHANG Ping-ping;ZOU Zhi-fen;DU Lan;SHEN Dong-jun;To establish an analytical method for determination of three kinds of ODS in composite polyether by head space-gas chromatography mass spectrometry. GS-GasPro column were employed. With excellent performance, the linear correlation coefficients of CFC-11, HCFC-141b and HCFC-22 were 0.9976, 0.9979 and 0.9982, respectively. Values of recovery obtained by standard addition method ranged from 67.3% to 90.9%, and RSD (n=6) was less than 3.5%. When the quantity of sample was 1 g, detection limits was 0.2 μg/g, 0.1 μg/g and 0.2 μg/g. The method has the advantage of simple operation, good sensitivity, high accuracy and precision, which is proper to apply in the determination of ODS in composite polyether.
Synthesis and application of ionic liquid
Li Ruxiong ,Wang Jianji (Department of Chemistry,Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology,Beijing 102600),Huaxue Shiji,2001,23(4),211~215The materials which is liquid state at a temperature near the room temperature are named molten salts or ionic liquids.Over one hundred ionic liquids have been prepared.The methods of their synthesis can be classfied into two categories:metathesis and acid base neutralization.They can be applied to separation technology,electrochemistry and chemical synthesis,particularly catalytic reaction.
The evolution and advances of solid-phase microextraction
FU Ruo-nong (Department of Chemistry,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China)Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is a sampling technique based on sorption of analytes onto a polymeric material coated on a silica fiber.SPME is a popular sample preparation method,which integrates extraction,concentration,desorption and injection into one step for sample preparation.SPME,which is based on solid-phase extraction (SPE),eliminates the disadvantages of using packed materials and solvents to dissolve analytes and retains all advantages of SPE.The stationary phases of SPME are polymers (such as polydimethylsiloxane) or adsorbents (such as carbon),which are coated on silica fiber or capillary column.The SPME can extract and concentrate the sample by adsorbing (or absorbing) the analytes onto stationary phases,then deliver the fiber of SPME to the inlet port of gas chromatograph for analysis.This method is suitable for sample preparation in a variety of technical areas.This paper discusses briefly the evolution and recent advances in solid-phase microextraction techniques.
Catalytic synthesis of substituted tetraphenylporphyrins
Lei Yuan;Guo Cancheng;Twelve kinds of substituted tetraphenylporphyrins (TXPPH_2)were synthesized by the direct condensation of pyrrole with substituted benzaldehyde by refluxing in DMF in the presence of AlCl_3.Compared with other methods in the literature,this method has the advantages of wider applicabilities,higher yields and better purity.
Research on synthesis of new Schiff base reagent(HPMαFP)_2EN and its application in reversed-phasepaper chromatography
Li Jinzhou;An Yumel;YuWenjin;In this paper a new Schiff base reagent N,N'-bis[(1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-oxo-4-pyra o a-furyl-furylmethylidyne ] ethylenediimine [(HPMaFP)2EN ] hasbeen synthesized. its structure has been confirmed byelemental analysis,IR,NMR and MS. Some propertieswere determined. Its behavior in separating rare earthions has been studied by reversed-phase paper chromatography with (HPMaFP)2EN as stationary phase,acidified NawSO4 solutions as eluents. It has beenshown that this reagent can be applied to the separation of multicomponent rare earth mixtures in the PHrange of 0. 2-1. 2.
Study on the synthesis of room temperature ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate
CAI Yue-qin, PENG Yan-qing, SONG Gong-hua , HUANG Fei-fei, LU Feng (Institute of Pesticides & Pharmaceuticals, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China)The key intermediate, l-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide, was synthesized efficiently from 1-methylimidazole and l-bromobutane.The influence of temperature and reaction heat of itself on this reaction was also investigated. After anion exchanging, room temperature ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate was obtained in 92% yield.The structure of final product was confirmed by IR and 1HNMR spectral data.
Highly Sensitive Detection of Penicillin G in Milk by Fluorescence Probe Based on Silicon Nanoparticle
WANG Sheng-yun;LI Chun-rong;MENG Tie-hong;ZHAO Hong-bin;LIAO De-jun;TAO Chen;ZHANG Xiang-ling;The silicon nanoparticle(DFC)that emits blue fluorescence at 450 nm was synthesized by using the reagents of N-[3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ethylenediamine and fluorescein sodium salt.The structural characterization and spectral performance analysis of DFC were carried out by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),transmission electron microscope(TEM),Zeta potential and ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum.Based on the performance DFC can be quenched by Cr~(3+) ion, a fluorescent probe of Cr~(3+)@DFC for the detection of penicillin G(PG) was prepared.The fluorescence of the Cr~(3+)@DFC probe was recovered in the presence of PG.There was a good linear relationship between fluorescence recovery efficiency and PG concentration in the range of 0.1～1.0 μg/mL.The detection limit is 0.023 μg/mL,and the linear equation was y=71.26x+0.478,R~2=0.99.The method is easy to operate and has high sensitivity to detect PG in milk samples, which offers a promising application prospect.
The application of 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide(DCC) used as condensation agent in organic synthesis
WANG Wei,LI Wen-feng,YANG Yu-qiong,ZHAO Jun (Department of Chemistry,Guizhou Bijie University,Bijie 551700,China)1,3-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) is widely used in the reaction for synthesis of esters and amides as a condensation agent.The synthesis and condensation reactions using DCC as the dehydration agent can take place in the mild conditions with good product yield.In this paper,DCC used as a dehydrating agent in the study on preparation of esters,amides,and phosphorylaminopropyl compounds is reviewed.
Advance in research of room temperature ionic liquids
WANG Feng-yan,SHAO Guang-jie* (College of Environment and Chemical Engineering,Yanshan University,Qinhuangdao 066004,China)The ionic liquids(ILs) thanks to their low melting point,high conductivity and negligible vapor pressure have been attracting great attention of the academic and industrial circles.In recent years,the ILs have widely been applied in many fields.The recent application development of ionic liquids in these fields is summarized in this paper,such as their application in chemical reactions,separation process and manufacture of new materials.The perspectives in this research field are also discussed.
Application and Progress of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Technology
ZHOU Feng-ran;HAN Qiao;ZHANG Ti-qiang;WU Hai;ZENG Wu;WANG De-fa;National Institute of Metrology;National Center for Quality Supervision and Inspection on Gas Products;Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) has the advantages of fast scanning speed, high resolution and high sensitivity, and it is widely used in research fields such as mechanism research, performance characterization, and composition detection.According to different detection requirements, researchers have also made corresponding adjustments and optimizations when using FTIR.The principle of FTIR was briefly introduced, the application status of FTIR technology in various research fields in recent years was focused on.It pointed out that the combination with other analysis techniques, the establishment of mathematical models and standardization were the development trend of improving the accuracy of FTIR measurement in addition to improving the accuracy of the instrument itself, which provided a reference for the research and application of FTIR in related fields.
Progress of Extraction,Separation and Purification Techniques for Effective Components in Natural Products
RU-AN Chong;XIAO Xiao-hua;LI Gong-ke;As the progress in the medical and edible efficiency of effective components in natural products,the researches related to extraction,separation and purification techniques for effective components in natural products have become more attractive. However,traditional extraction as well as separation and purification techniques are tedious,inefficient,and the effective components are easily lost. In this work,the recent progresses on the extraction techniques such as ultrasound-assisted extraction,supercritical fluid extraction,accelerated solvent extraction and microwave-assisted extraction,and some separation and purification techniques including macroporous adsorption resins,preparative high-performance liquid chromatography and high-speed counter-current chromatography,were reviewed. Moreover,the prospect and development in this field was discussed.
Journal Information
Journal Name: Chemical Reagents
First Published: April 1979 • Monthly
Governed by: China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation
Sponsored by:
China Association for Analysis and Testing
Sinopharm Chemical Reagents Co., Ltd.
Beijing Guohua Jingshi Consulting Co., Ltd.
Edited and Published by: Editorial Office of Chemical Reagents
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Serial Publication Number: ISSN 0258-3283 CN 11-2135/TQ
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