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Research Progress of Electrochemical Immunosensors in Early Diagnosis of Tumors
ZHAO Jing;KUANG Jun-wei;GUO Zi-zheng;YIN Lei;WANG Zhen-yu;Early diagnosis of tumors is crucial for improving patient survival rates and prognosis, but traditional methods suffer from limitations such as delayed detection and complex procedures.Electrochemical immunosensors, which integrate the specificity of immune reactions with the high sensitivity of electrochemical detection, provide a promising strategy for trace detection of tumor markers(often as low as picomolar to femtomolar levels).This review systematically summarized the underlying principles, signal amplification strategies, and clinical applications of electrochemical immunosensors in early tumor diagnosis, aiming to promote clinical translation.In this review, biorecognition elements(e.g.,antibodies and aptamers) and signal transduction mechanisms(label-free methods such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and labeled methods such as enzyme or nanomaterial labeling) were discussed in detail.Signal amplification strategies(e.g.,enzymatic catalytic cascades, nanomaterial-mediated methods, magnetic bead enrichment) were reviewed alongside innovative applications of nanomaterials, including carbon-based materials(e.g.,graphene, carbon nanotubes),metal-based materials(e.g.,palladium nanoparticles, iron oxides),and two-dimensional materials(e.g.,MXene/molybdenum disulfide).Results showed that such sensors have advantages including rapid response, low cost, and easy miniaturization, and have made significant progress in the diagnosis of multiple cancer types.For example, detection limits for biomarkers of liver, breast, and colorectal cancer have reached the femtomolar level, significantly improving the sensitivity and specificity of early diagnosis.However, challenges such as biofouling, limited stability, and insufficient clinical validation remain.Continued research is required to enhance their robustness and accelerate clinical implementation.
Advances in the Uptake and Metabolism of Emerging Contaminants in Plants
ZHOU Hao;ZHOU Qing-hua;The widespread occurrence of emerging contaminants(ECs) in multiple environmental media has become a global environmental concern.As primary producers in ecosystem, plants can absorb ECs from the surrounding environments and transfer them through the food chain, thereby posing potential risks to both ecosystems and human health.Previous studies have predominantly focused on either the uptake or the metabolism of ECs in plants, with limited systematic discussion of the influencing factors.Hence, this study comprehensively reviewed the uptake and metabolic processes of ECs in plants, as well as key factors affecting these processes, to provide a good understanding of the fate of ECs in plants.ECs are primarily taken up by roots(via passive diffusion or active transport) and leaves(via stomatal penetration or cuticular absorption).Plant uptake is influenced by plant traits(e.g.,species, root exudates, and channel protein expression),physicochemical properties of ECs(e.g.,polarity, hydrophobicity, and molecular size),and environmental factors(e.g.,soil organic matter, pH, and temperature).Once entering plants, ECs undergo enzyme-mediated metabolic transformations, including Phase Ⅰ metabolism(e.g.,oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, and cleavage),Phase Ⅱ metabolism(conjugation with glucose, glutathione, amino acids),and Phase Ⅲ metabolism(compartmentalization in vacuoles or integration into cell walls).These processes convert ECs into more water-soluble and less toxic compounds.The metabolism process is affected by plant characteristics(e.g.,metabolic enzymes and endogenous substances) and the chemical structure of ECs(e.g.,functional groups, molecular size, and spatial configuration).
Development of Chemical Functional Materials for Identifying New Antitumor Drug A166
SUN Meng-ting;WANG Dong;DONG Lin-yi;A166 is an ADC drug targeting HER2,mainly used for the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer and other solid tumors expressing HER2.Clinical drug monitoring after administration is crucial for clinical medication guidance, as it can optimize the dosing regiments to enhance efficacy, minimize side effects, and reduce the development of drug resistance.Currently, the main methods for therapeutic drug monitoring(TDM) include immunoassay methods, chromatography methods(such as high-performance liquid chromatography HPLC),and emerging point-of-care technologies(such as mass spectrometry).However, these methods have several drawbacks, including the need for highly trained operators, high cost, equipment maintenance, and complex procedures.To address the challenge of monitoring A166 blood concentration, a novel strategy was proposed by combining boronic acid-modified rhodamine 6G-functionalized graphene oxide(HR6GGO) with a boronic acid-affinity molecularly imprinted magnetic nanoparticle(MIP-A166).The HR6GGO material, modified with borate and loaded with a large amount of rhodamine 6G fluorescent dye, can selectively label A166 through boronic acid affinity, achieving fluorescence signal amplification and output.HRBGO and MIP-A166 were successfully prepared and the MIP-A166-HRBGO strategy achieved extremely high sensitivity and excellent specificity for the detection of A166 after experimental optimization.MIP-A166 utilizes the boronic acid affinity molecular imprinting recognition mechanism, showing specific selectivity for the template drug.The sandwich detection strategy, based on the coupling of MIP-A166 with HR6GGO,relies the dual boronic acid affinity synergism, demonstrating board application potential and providing a promising tool for clinical drug monitoring and medication guidance.
Synthesis of Highly Active BiVO4@Ag Composites with Enhanced Catalytic Performance
CAI Xu-peng;WANG Yue-rong;CAI Yi-chen;HONG Xian-jian;GUO Shao-bo;GUO Xiao-hua;JI Xiao-hui;This study addressed the issues of high carrier recombination rates and sluggish surface reaction kinetics in bismuth vanadate(BiVO4) photocatalysts.Using spherical BiVO4 as the substrate, BiVO4@Ag-6% composite materials were constructed via three distinct photochemical reduction methods(direct reduction, silver-ammonia complex reduction, and potassium bromide-mediated reduction).The effects of different loading methods on the microstructure and photocatalytic performance of the materials were systematically investigated.The structure and properties of the composite materials were systematically characterized using transmission electron microscopy(TEM),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),X-ray diffraction(XRD),ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy(UV-Vis DRS),and electrochemical measurements.Experimental results indicated that the target material prepared via the potassium bromide-controlled reduction method exhibits superior catalytic activity.The AgBr complex-mediated Ag+ release mechanism significantly optimizes the dispersion and interfacial bonding strength of Ag nanoparticles(Ag NPs),resulting in optimal photocatalytic degradation activity for Cr6+ and Rhodamine B(RhB) with complete Cr6+ degradation within 20 min and a markedly enhanced RhB degradation efficiency compared to pure BiVO4.Characterization analysis attributes this superior performance to the synergistic effects of surface plasmon resonance(SPR) and the Schottky barrier in Ag NPs, which effectively suppressed carrier recombination and accelerate interfacial charge transport.
Research on a Ratiometric Fluorescence Detection Method for Antibiotics in Water Based on Portable Fluorescent Test Strips
LI Feng-lan;HUANG Bi-fei;LIN Ze-biao;HUANG Wen-jie;This study aims to develop a novel, highly sensitive and selective method to address the ecological and human health risks posed by antibiotic pollution in aquatic environments.Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8(ZIF-8) was synthesized via a one-step method and systematically characterized using FT-IR,XRD,SEM,TEM,and XPS.A ratiometric fluorescence sensor was then constructed for the detection of levofloxacin(LFX).Under optimal conditions(ZIF-8 concentration: 25 μg/mL,pH 7.0,reaction time: 5 min),the sensor exhibited a linear detection range of 1～80 μmol/L for LFX,with a detection limit of 0.29 μmol/L.The recovery rate in real water samples was from 98.27% to 101.9%,with RSD≤2.99%,showing good agreement with HPLC results.Additionally, a smartphone-based portable test strip sensor was developed, enabling real-time detection in the range of 10～100 μmol/L.This study provides a new approach for designing ZIF-8-based fluorescence sensors and establishes a rapid detection method for trace antibiotic pollutants in environmental water.
Journal Information
Journal Name: Chemical Reagents
First Published: April 1979 • Monthly
Governed by: China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation
Sponsored by:
China Association for Analysis and Testing
Sinopharm Chemical Reagents Co., Ltd.
Beijing Guohua Jingshi Consulting Co., Ltd.
Edited and Published by: Editorial Office of Chemical Reagents
Editor-in-Chief: HE Hui
Phone: 010-58321793
010-58321723
E-mail: webmaster@chinareagent.com.cn
Address: Room 107, Building 6, No. 8 Tai Ping Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
Serial Publication Number: ISSN 0258-3283 CN 11-2135/TQ
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